Gwadar Port is a warm-water, deep-sea
port situated on the Arabian
Sea at Gwadar in Balochistan province
of Pakistan.
The port features prominently in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) plan, and is considered to be a crucial link between the ambitious One Belt, One Road and Maritime Silk Roadprojects.
Gwadar's potential to be a deep water sea port was first noted in 1954,
while the city was still under Omani suzerainty.Plans for construction of the
port were not realised until 2007, when the port was inaugurated by Parvez
Musharraf after four years of construction, at a cost of
$248 million.The port features prominently in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC) plan, and is considered to be a crucial link between the ambitious One Belt, One Road and Maritime Silk Roadprojects.
In 2015, it was announced that the city and port would be further
developed under CPEC at a cost of $1.62 billion,with the aim of linking
northern Pakistan and western China to the deep water seaport.The port will
also be the site of a floating liquefied natural gas facility
that will be built as part of the larger $2.5 billion Gwadar-Nawabshah
segment of the Iran–Pakistan gas pipeline project.Construction
began in June 2016 on the Gwadar Special Economic Zone,
which is being built on 2,292 acre site adjacent to Gwadar's port.In late 2015,
the port was officially leased to China for 43 years, until 2059.
Gwadar Port became formally operational on 14 November 2016, when it was
inaugurated by Pakistan's Prime Minister Muhammad Nawaz Sharif; the
first convoy was seen off by Pakistan's Chief of Army Staff,
General Raheel Sharif.
Pakistan
identified Gwadar as a port site as far back as 1954 when Gwadar was still
under Omani rule. Pakistan's interest in Gwadar started when, in 1954, it engaged
the United States Geological Survey (USGS)
to conduct a survey of its coastline. The USGS deputed the surveyor, Worth
Condrick, for the survey, who identified Gwadar as a suitable site for a
seaport.[13] After
four years of negotiations, Pakistan purchased the Gwadar enclave from Oman for US$3 million on 8 September 1958 and
Gwadar officially became part of Pakistan on 8 December 1958, after 200 years
of Omani rule.
A small wharf
at Gwadar was completed in 1992, and formal proposals for a deep sea port at
Gwadar were unveiled a year later in 1993. Construction on Phase 1 of the
project began in 2002 after the agreement for its construction was signed
during the state visit of Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji in
2001. After completion of Phase 1 in 2007, the first commercial cargo vessel to
dock at the port was the "Pos Glory," with 70,000 Metric Tonnes of
Wheat on 15 March 2008.
Currently, Pakistan
has two main operating international deep-sea ports: Karachi Port and Port
Qasim. During the coming years, their capacity expansion programs are unlikely
to keep pace with the expected growth in demand, resulting in a need for a
third port to fill the gap.
In particular,
Karachi Port has significant physical limitations and will not be able to grow
at the same speed as the national growth in demand over the coming decades.
These limitations result mainly from its location, which is within the city of
Karachi itself, which has seen very rapid growth over the past years.
In the case of Port
Qasim, although having a large physical space for expansion, its possible speed
of development is hampered by its up-stream location, which is more than 40 km
from the open sea, resulting in long turnaround times for visiting ships. This
is not a problem for cargoes that are linked to industries located near the
port, but it carries cost-disadvantages for cargoes that have origins and
destinations elsewhere.
Against this
background, it was deemed timely to construct and inaugurate a third deep-sea
port for Pakistan so as to ensure that national development is not hampered by
a lack of national port capacity in the future. Given the expected rapid growth
in demand for port capacity, it is likewise important to continue expanding the
capacity of Gwadar port over the coming decades.
Introducing Gwadar
Location
Gwadar is located on
the shores of the Arabian Sea in the western province of Balochistan. It is
about 533 km from Karachi and 120 km from the Iranian border. Gwadar Port is
located at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, just outside the Straits of Hormuz,
near the key shipping routes in and out of the Persian Gulf.
Gwadar
District Demography
Gwadar district
covers a coastal zone. Main towns within this zone are Pasni, Gwadar and Jiwani
(near the border with Iran)
Estimated population
in 2004: 215,000 (Gwadar district)
Geographic area –
12.637 sq. km.
Population density –
14.7 person per sq.km
Coast line –
approximately 300 km
Population of Gwadar
city – estimated 80,000
Land distances from
Gwadar
Ø Quetta 970 Km
Ø Turbat 165 Km
Ø Gabd 120 Km
Ø Karachi 630 Km
Ø Ratodero 892 Km
PORT PROFILE
CURRENT PORT INFRASTRUCTURE
·
3 -multipurpose berths -
each 200 meters long.
·
1 -RO-RO facility
·
1-100 meter service berth
·
4.7 km long approach
channel dredged to 14.4 m at outer channel, 13.8 m at inner channel /turning
basin and 14.5 m depth alongside berth.
·
Outer channel is-206 m
and inner channel width in 155m
·
Turning Basin 595 m
diameter
·
The port, currently, has
the capacity to handle 50,000 DWT bulk carriers @ 12.5 meter maximum depth.
|
|
CURRENT
PORT FACILITIES
|
|
Port Area
|
64,000 sq-m
|
Container
stacking area
|
48,278 sq-m
|
Reefer Cargo
space
|
(400
points)367sq-m
|
Empty
container stacking area
|
6,875 sq-m
|
Storage yard
|
28,669 sq-m
|
Transit shed
|
3,750 sq-m
|
Hazardous
cargo storage yard
|
1,800 sq-m
|
Control tower
(foot print only)
|
1,536 sq-m
|
Buoy yard
|
1,500 sq-m
|
Generator
building
|
593 sq-m
|
Maintenance
workshop (general)
   Â
|
1,440 sq-m
|
Vehicles
Servicing
Garage
|
450 sq-m
|
Security
building
|
65 sq-m
|
Common offices
for GPA, Customs,
|
Immigration
Several floors, per floor: 4 ,144 sq-m
|
Mosque
|
324 sq-m
|
Operations
office and canteen. Per floor: Â Â
 Â
|
1,742 sq-m
|
Lorry car park
|
1,125 sq-m
|
Future
development area
|
118,575 sq-m
|
Oil recovery
system
|
1 complete set
|
Communication
|
|
VHF/DSC
including INMARSAT-B
|
Complete
system
|
CURRENT PORT EQUIPMENT
Crafts and vessels
o
2
- Tug boats (each 2400 HP)
o
1-
Working boat
o
1
-Mooring boat
2 -Pilot boats
CRANES AND YARD EQUIPMENT
5 -
Rail-mounted Cranes
a.
2 x 40 tons- 40 m
b.
1 x 16 tons- 33 m
c.
2 x 10 tons-33 cranes
·
2 -10 tons mobile cranes
·
Refrigeration Container
Sockets- 400 in No.
·
Power House Main Generators
03 Nos. (1.5 WM each)
·
Power House Emergency
Generator (116 KW)
·
12 Fork lift trucks with
rated lifting capacity 5 tons.
·
2 Containers reach
stackers, capacity 40 tons
·
6 Container tractors,
capacity 100 kN.
·
4 Container semi-trailers,
carrying one 40' container or two 20' containers
·
4 25 t flat trucks
·
4 10 t flat trucks
·
8 Hoppers, 6 m x 6 m
·
8 Mobile bagging plants,
capacity 50 t/h
·
12 Fork lift trucks,
capacity 5 t
·
2 Fire tender
·
1 Sweeping Vehicle
·
1 Garbage Truck
·
Oil Tanker
DESALINATION PLANT
A
desalination plant has been set-up at Gwadar Port to supply 100,000 gallons/day
of drinking water to ships calling Gwadar Port
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