Hydro-power Project Dams In Pakistan

5 biggest dams and continue Projects in Pakistan.

·         Tarbela Dam: 1st biggest dam in the list is Tarbela Dam that's situated on the Indus River and is also the largest earth filled dam in the world and is the 2nd largest by the structural volume.

• ·         Mangla Dam
• ·         Mirani Dam
• ·         Warsak Dam
• ·         Sabakzai Dam

1. Tarbela Dam 

1st biggest dam in the list is Tarbela Dam that’s situated on the Indus River and is also the largest earth filled dam in the world and is the 2nd largest by the structural volume. The dam is 148 meter high above riverbed. Development started in 1968 and completed in 1976 at cost of $1,497 million. Total capacity of the dam is 13.69 cubic kms spread over the construction area of 168,000 km2 .

2. Mangla Dam 

Next biggest dam in Pakistan is Mangla Dam that’s built in the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It’s also the Ninth largest dam in the world. The development was started in 1961 and completed in 1967. It was constructed at the cost of $1.473 billion and also funded by the World Bank and Asian Development Bank.

3. Mirani Dam 

Mirani Dam is yet another major dam in Pakistan. It is a medium-sized multi-purpose dam that’s situated on the Dasht River in Balochistan. In terms of volume for flood protection it’s the largest dam in the world having floodstock of 588,690 cubic hectometer. Its development was began on July 8, 2002 and completed on October 2006.

4. Warsak Dam

Warsak Dam is a mass concrete gravity dam and located on the Kabul River north west of the Peshawar city in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. It was completed in 2 phases. 1st phase was completed in 1960 and the 2nd phase was finished in 1980-81. Total capacity of the Warsak Dam Hydropower Project us 243 MW.

5. Sabakzai

Sabakzai Dam is an embankment dam at Zohb River in Balochistan. The building of the dam started in 2004 and the irrigation works for the dam are still being built. Based on ICOLD, Sabakzai Dam is the Seventh largest in the world with a floodstock of 23,638 cubic hectometer.

UNDER CONSTRUCTING PROJECTS

1.Neelum Jhelum HydroElectric Project (NJHEP)

Location: The Project envisages the diversion of Neelum waters through tunnels at Nauseri about 41 km upstream of Muzaffarabad and out falling in Jhelum River Chatter Kalas in AJ&K, where the powerhouse will be located.

2. Dasu Hydropower Project

Location: The project is located at 7 km North of Dasu Town in Kohistan District of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province and 350 km North from Islamabad being the capital of Pakistan.The site is 74 km downstream of proposed Diamer Basha Dam Project site.

3. Diamer Basha Dam

Location: The project is located on Indus River, about 315 km upstream of Tarbela Dam, 165 km downstream of the Gilgit Baltistan’s capital Gilgit and 40 km downstream of Chilas and end of  Khyber Pakhtunkhwa boundary Basha Kohistan.

4. Golen Gol Hydropower Project in District chitral

5. Keyal Khwar Hydropower Project

Location: The Project is located on Keyal Khwar, a right bank tributary of Indus River in Lower Kohistan District in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 310 Km from Islamabad.

Major Political Parties in Pakistan

Major parties

• Pakistan Muslim League (N)
• Pakistan People's Party.
• Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf.
• Awami National Party.
• Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan.
• Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Islam (F)
• Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM)
• Pakistan Awami Tehreek (PAT)

Pakistan is a multi-party democracy that at times has been subject to military government. The country has many political parties and it is common for the country to be ruled by a coalition government. The Parliament of Pakistan is bicameral, consisting of the National Assembly of Pakistan and the Senate. The main political parties in Pakistan are listed below in alphabetical order.

Pakistan Muslim League (N)[edit]

Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, a wealthy industrialist, is the leader of the largest political party, Pakistan Muslim League-N.

Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML Nawaz group, or PML-N) became Pakistan's ruling party after a decisive victory in the Pakistani general elections of 2013. It holds 26 out of 104 seats in the Senate^[1] and 190 seats in the National Assembly.^[2] Prime minister Nawaz Sharif has been its leader since 1980s. Sharif, a businessman from Lahore, entered the mainstream Pakistani politics with the support of the military dictatorship of Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and later in 1990, became prime minister of Pakistan with the assistance of powerful military establishment especially DG ISI General Hameed Gul. He and his party (PMLN) ruled the country for two different tenures in the '90s. His second government was overthrown by the army chief Pervez Musharaf in a military coup. Nawaz succeeded in saving his life and money with the diplomatic support of Saudi Arabia and left Pakistan for eight years. He came back in 2007. PMLN is a fiscally conservative party which holds moderate religious and social policies. It promotes strong and friendly relations with India, United States, and the European Union.

Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf

Imran Khan leads Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (Pakistan Movement for Justice) under the slogan: "Change". On 25 April 1996, in Lahore, the PTI, a social democratic and Third Way political movement, was founded by Imran Khan. The PTI boycotted the 2008 elections but became more politically active by 2011. The PTI claims to represent all Pakistanis regardless of religion, ethnicity, language or residence. It aims to create a modern, egalitarian, Islamic democratic and Welfare state.The PTI promotes a nationalist agenda, arguing that Terrorism, Extremism and Radicalism have increased since Pakistan joined the War on Terror. The Party emerged as country's second most popular party in 2013 elections. PTI currently holds 32 seats in the National Assembly. It is ruling party in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province.

Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaf is a real opposition of Pakistani Government in This Time. 

Pakistan People's Party

Asif Ali Zardari, former President of Pakistan and the leader of the Pakistan Peoples Party.

On 30 November 1967, the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), a democratic socialist party, was founded by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (1928 - 1979). The PPP ran in the 1970 general election on a socialist agenda of Roti, Kapra, Makan (Food, clothes, shelter). It favoured ties with China over the Western nations and ruled Pakistan after the Fall of Dhaka. After completion of first parliamentary term, the PPP succeeded in the Elections of 1977. Under Benazir Bhutto, the PPP became a secular party that promoted Social Liberalism as well as privatisation in order to secure funding from the US and the World Bank. From March 2008 to March 2013, it was leading party of the ruling coalition. Party faced defeat in elections of 2013. The PPP currently holds 41 senate seats and 42 national assembly seats.

Awami National Party

In 1986, the Awami National Party (Popular National Party, ANP) was founded by Abdul Wali Khan. It is a leftist, secular party that promotes Pashtun nationalism, democratic socialism, public sector government, and economic egalitarianism. It supports ties with Afghanistan, India, and historically the Soviet Union.^[7] The ANP holds 7 seats in the senate and 3 seats in the National Assembly. Asfandyar Wali Khan, grandson of Bacha Khan is the incumbent president of the ANP. Between 2008 and 2013, it was part of the ruling PPP led coalition. It performs well in Pashtun dominated areas in and around Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and the Balochistan provinces.

Jamaat Ulema-e-Islam Pakistan (F)

Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Assembly of Islamic Clergy, Fazl-ur-Rahman Group, JUI-F) is an ultra-conservative religious and theocratic party which, in 2002, formed a ruling coalition with Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and with the PML(Q) in Balochistan. It currently holds 15 seats in the National Assembly, 5 seats in the Senate, 17 seats in the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and 8 seats in the Provincial Assembly of Balochistan. Its economic policy is socialist and moderate.
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) is a Sunni Deobandi political party in Pakistan. Established as JUI (Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam) in 1945, it is the result of a factional split of 1988, F standing for the name of its leader, Maulana Fazal-ur-Rehman.

JUI-F is as of 2013 Pakistan's 5th largest party, winning 3.2% of the popular vote, or 15 out of 272 general seats in the National Assembly. It is entirely based in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and northern parts of Baluchistan. The party is in coalition with Pakistan's current ruling party Pakistan Muslim League (N).

The JUI-S faction, led by Samiul Haq, is of regional significance in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa but has no representation on the national level. The split of JUI into two factions was due to dissent over the policy of president Zia-ul-Haq of supporting Mujahideen outfits in the Afghanistan war during the 1980s. A more recent faction known as JUI-N, split off JUI-F in 2008, is also unrepresented at the national level.

Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan

On 26 August 1941 in Lahore, Jamaat-e-Islami (Islamic Class, JI), a Right-wing, Islamist party, was founded by Abul Ala Maududi, a Muslim theologian, and philosopher. It aims to create an Islamic democracy in Pakistan ruled under Sharia law. The JI elects its leader (Emir) democratically; Siraj ul Haq is the incumbent emir. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, JI moved its base to West Pakistan (remaining members formed the Jamaat-e-Islami Hind). During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 it opposed the independence of Bangladesh, but in 1975 it established an independent political party there, the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. JI now has its headquarters in Mansoorah, Lahore. JI has an association with international Muslim groups such as the Muslim Brotherhood. JI holds 4 seats in the National Assembly, one seat in the Senate and 7 seats in the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM)

The Muttahida Qaumi Movement (National Democratic Movement, MQM) was founded in 1978 by Altaf Hussain (who went on, in 1984, to found the Muhajir Quami Movement) from the student organisation, the All Pakistan Muhajir Student Organization (APMSO). It is supported by the urban Muhajir community of Sindh. The MQM is socially liberal and democratic. In 1997, the MQM officially removed the term Muhajir, which refers to Urdu-speaking Muslims and replaced it with Muttahida(United). Between 1992 and 1999, the Pakistan Army, in Operation Cleanup, attempted to suppress the MQM. On 11 September 2001, the MQM condemned attacks by al-Qaida in the US with public demonstrations.

Pakistan Awami Tehreek (PAT)

The Pakistan Awami Tehrik (Pakistan People's Movement) is a politically radical, ideologically centrist and religiously moderate political party. Populist sufi cleric Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri is its founding chairman. In 1990, Pakistan Awami Tehrik (PAT) participated in the national elections just one year after it was founded. In 1991, PAT and TNFJ (Tehrik-e-Nifas-e-Fiqh-e-Jafria, a shia political group) now known as Tehrik-e-Jafaria signed a 'Communique of Unity' to promote social and religious harmony. PAT enjoys considerable support among religious but moderate lower middle class of the country. PAT has a very organized and disciplined organizational structure and highly trained workers. However, party's entire political influence is based on agitation and public demonstrations. Party's vote bank and electoral power is considered to be limited unlike the PPP-P or PTI.

Pak Sarzameen Party

On 3 March 2016, the party founder, Syed Mustafa Kamal conducted a press conference with Anis Kaimkhani, party president, after they flew back into Karachi from Dubai earlier that day. He criticized his ex-political party Muttahida Qaumi Movement and its leader Altaf Hussain by claiming that, in the past, he had links with Indian spy agency Research and Analysis Wing. He also announced his new political party without revealing the new name of the party.^[1] Later the party was joined by former MQM members Raza Haroon, Dr. Sagheer Ahmed, Waseem Aftab, Anees Khan Advocate, Aftkhar Randhawa and Iftikhar Alam.^[

Violation of Humanity in Syria

Parties to the armed conflicts in Syria committed war crimes, other serious violations of international humanitarian law and gross human rights abuses with impunity. Government and allied Russian forces carried out indiscriminate attacks and direct attacks on civilians and civilian objects using aerial bombing and artillery, causing thousands of civilian casualties. There were reports that government forces also used chemical agents. Government forces maintained lengthy sieges that trapped civilians and cut their access to essential goods and services. The authorities arbitrarily arrested and detained thousands, subjecting many to enforced disappearance, prolonged detention and unfair trials, and continued to systematically torture and otherwise ill-treat detainees causing deaths in detention. They also committed unlawful killings, including extrajudicial executions. The armed group Islamic State (IS) besieged civilians, carried out direct attacks on civilians and indiscriminate attacks, sometimes reportedly using chemical agents, perpetrated numerous unlawful killings, and subjected thousands of women and girls to sexual slavery and other abuses. Other non-state armed groups indiscriminately shelled and besieged predominantly civilian areas. US-led forces carried out air strikes on IS and other targets, in which hundreds of civilians were killed. By the end of the year, the conflict had caused the deaths of more than 300,000 people, displaced 6.6 million people within Syria and forced 4.8 million people to seek refuge abroad.
(amnesty international)

Syrian government forces have dramatically escalated their use of chemical weapons attacks against civilians, according to a report released today by Human Rights Watch.

"The government's recent use of nerve agents is a deadly escalation – and part of a clear pattern," said Kenneth Roth, the executive director of the non-profit."

"In the last six months, the Syrian government has used war planes, helicopters, and ground forces to deliver chlorine and sarin gas in Damascus, Hama, Idlib and Aleppo; that is widespread and systematic use of chemical weapons," says Ole Solvang, Deputy Director, Emergencies, Human Rights Watch. That, Solvang says, could amount to crimes against humanity."

by Chemicals: The Syrian Government's Widespread and Systematic Use of Chemical Weapons," identifies three different systems being used to deliver chemical weapons:

• Government warplanes appear to have dropped bombs with nerve agents on at least four occasions since December 12;
• Government helicopter-dropped chlorine-filled munitions have become more systematic;
• Government or pro-government ground forces have started using improvised ground-launched munitions filled with chlorine.

It also says research shows that many of the attacks appear to be against civilians, and new evidence, according to the report, supports the conclusion that Syrian government forces have used nerve agents on at least four occasions in recent months: On April 4, 2017 in Khan Sheikhoun, and on three other occasions in December 2016 and March 2017, based on interviews with 60 people with first-hand knowledge of the attacks and their immediate aftermath, as well as dozens of photos and videos of impact sites and victims, although the non-profit was unable to conduct ground investigations of the attack sites itself.